System for providing continuous lubrication to engine turbocharger shaft and bearing arrangement

ABSTRACT

The present invention relates to lubrication system for turbocharger(s) [TC] to ensure continuous lubrication of bearings and shaft of the turbocharger with lubricant retention during start and shut down of turbocharger-associated systems thereby enhancing the performance and turbocharger life. The shaft ( 6 ) and bearings, are lubricated by introducing pressurized lubricating oil through an oil inlet passage ( 12 ) in the bearing housing ( 4 ) and after lubricating, the lubricant returns to the engine oil sump located below the turbocharger through the oil outlet passage ( 13 ). A non return valve ( 15 ) or one way valve in the oil inlet pipe ( 16 ) line permits lubricant flow to the bearings during engine running, and when the engine stops and oil pressure falls below the NRV ( 15 ) opening pressure, the NRV ( 15 ) shuts and traps the lubricant in oil inlet pipe that is above the NRV ( 15 ). The oil outlet pipe ( 17 ) due to its geometry retains sufficient lubricant in the bearing housing ( 4 ) which lubricates the shaft ( 6 ) and bearings post engine shutdown.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to lubrication system for turbocharger(s)[TC] to ensure continuous lubrication of bearings and shaft of theturbocharger with lubricant retention during start and shut down ofturbocharger-associated systems thereby enhancing the performance andturbocharger life.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Turbochargers operating in conjunction with internal combustion enginesincreases the power to weight ratio without increasing the weight of theengine. Further a turbocharger ensures complete combustion of the fueldelivered to the engine, thereby reducing the emissions of the engine.

Turbochargers are driven by exhaust gases The idle speed of an exhaustdriven turbocharger generally exceeds 30,000 rpm with top speed of about90,000 to 120,000 rpm. During the running (operation) of the automobileengines the lubricant supplied to the turbocharger shaft and bearings byan engine lubrication system. When the oil pump of engine shuts down,the flow of lubricant to the turbocharger centre bearing ceases and thelubricant in the turbocharger oil outlet passage flows towards enginesump located at the bottom of the engine, thereby causes “dry run”.Generally about 20 to 30 seconds may elapse between the engine shut downand the stoppage of the turbocharger during which the center bearingtemperature may increase to around 1200° F. Under such conditions theturbocharger bearing assembly carbonizes which can lead to the failureof the bearing(s) and engine.

During the engine start-up, turbocharger oil input line is empty and thetime lag between engine starting and pressurized lubricants to reach tothe lubricating points is about 4.0 to 4.3 seconds. Further if theoperator accelerates the engine/

U.S. Pat. No. 4,513,705 provides an oil storage reservoir &solenoid-actuating valve, wherein the lubricant is stored in thereservoir under pressure. This stored lubricant is part of oil suppliedto the turbocharger during high speed/load running of the engine and thesame is delivered after shut down and starting phase of the engine bymeans of actuation of solenoid valve provided at the reservoir opening.This system overcomes the problem of possible turbochargers “dry-run”.The limitation of this system is dependant on the functioning of thesolenoid valve and its malfunctioning can lead to the undesired“dry-run” of the turbocharger. Further it leads to problems ininterfacing with the system, requires frequent maintenance and servicingresulting in increased cost.

U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,709,160 B1 U.S. Pat. No. 5,993,173, U.S. Pat. No.5,145,334, U.S. Pat. No. 4,708,602 disclose several options forturbocharger lubrication systems involving using specially designedfloating/semi-floating bearings, modifying oil circulation passages in aturbocharger bearing (centre) housing, providing separate and simplifiedbearing assembly. These patents disclose systems that facilitateeffective turbocharger shaft and bearing arrangement lubrication duringthe running of the engine/vehicle, but do not address the lubricationissues leading to possible “dry-runs” at the start and stop of theengines.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,422,295 discloses a lubricating system for TCs whereinthe turbochargers bearings are located at or below the normal level ofoil in the lubricating sump for return of oil from the sump to the TCbearings when the engine is not running so as to ensure cooling of thebearing when the engine is not running. However an additional equipmentsuch as a scavenging pump is positioned within the crankcase and isdriven by the engine to return the oil from the TC to the crankcaseduring the running, it is well established that additional equipment inthe system increases the possibilities of failure thereby requiringincreased maintenance and higher cost of the overall system andoperation.

It is a long-standing need in the industry to provide solutions forcontinuous lubrication of turbocharger shaft and bearings during startand stop operations of TC-Associated systems.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The main object of the invention is to provide continuous lubricationfor turbocharger(s) to ensure continuous lubrication of bearings andshaft of the turbocharger with lubricant retention during start and shutdown phase of TC-associated systems thereby enhancing the performanceand turbocharger life

Another object of the invention is to provide a TC that does not useadditional devices to ensure continuous lubrication of bearings andshaft arrangement of the turbocharger with lubricant retention duringengine/vehicle starting and shut down phase.

Yet another object of the invention is to provide a TC with lubricationand lubrication retention that operates automatically during the startand stop of TC-associated systems without any intervention of theoperator.

Yet another object of the invention is to provide TC, which operateswithout any dry-run during start and stop of the TC-associated systems.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows the sectional view of the exhaust driven turbocharger.

FIG. 2 shows schematic front and side view of the turbocharger in itsconventional form, wherein lubricant inlet and outlet passages areopposite to each other facilitating gravity flow of turbochargerlubricant towards engine crankcase.

FIG. 3 shows the side view of the turbocharger according the presentinvention, wherein Non Return Valve (NRV) is provided in the inletline/passage. The outlet line is modified to ensure retention oflubricating oil.

DETAIL DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

A preferred embodiment of the invention is described below.

An exhaust driven turbocharger assembly (1) used in internal combustionengines shown in FIG. 1 comprises

a turbine housing (2), a compressor housing (3), and a bearing housing(4) disposed between the turbine and compressor housings, with theturbine housing and compressor housings held on either side by aconnecting means,

a turbine wheel (5) mounted on a shaft (6) in a turbine housing (2)wherein the shaft (6) extends through the bearing housing (4) into thecompressor housing (3),

a compressor wheel (7) in the compressor housing (3) mounted at thedistal end of the shaft (6) and is supported in the bearing housing (4),

pair of floating journal bearings (10) on either end of the bearinghousing (4) to support the rotating shaft (6),

seals (11) at both ends of the bearing housing near the floating journalbearings (10) to prevent the entry of the exhaust gas and compressed airinto the bearing housing (4) and to further absorb any axial thrustload, which comes on the rotating shaft,

a non return valve [NRV] or one way valve (15) in the oil inlet pipeline (16) with opening and/or closing pressure less than the oilpressure during the idle running of an engine,

an oil outlet line (17) so constructed to retain sufficient quantity oflubricating oil thereby allowing adequate lubrication of the shaft &bearings after engine/vehicle shutdown wherein an oil outlet pipe havingone end thereof connected to a turbocharger oil outlet and extendsdownwardly therefrom and forms a first inflection point (A), and fromsaid first inflection point (A) the oil outlet pipe inflects upwardlyand forms a second inflection point (B) which is positioned at a levelaround the center of the shaft, and extends downwardly with another endgoing to oil sump, thereby to retain a sufficient amount of oil atturbocharger shaft and bearing portion by maintaining oil between theturbocharger oil outlet and second inflection point (B) in the oiloutlet line even after an engine lubrication oil pump is shut off toensure adequate lubrication at the earliest moment when the enginestarts again.

In one embodiment of the invention, a second arm of the oil outlet pipegoes upwards and may be at an angle up to about 45′ with respect to afirst vertical arm of the oil outlet pipe that goes downwards from theturbocharger.

FIG. 3 presents a preferred embodiment of the outlet pipe (17).

To lubricate shaft (6) and bearings (10), pressurized lubricating oil isintroduced through an oil inlet passage (12) in the bearing housing (4).Lubricants from the oil inlet passage (12) flow to the bearings (10) andafter lubricating, the lubricant returns to the engine oil sump locatedbelow the turbocharger through the oil outlet passage (13). The NRV (15)permits the lubricant flow to the bearings (10) during running of theengine, whereas when the engine stops and oil pressure falls below theNRV opening pressure, the NRV shuts and traps the lubricants in oilinlet pipe (16) that is above the NRV. During subsequent enginestarting, lubricating oil is available in sufficient quantity in the oilinlet pipe (16) above the NRV, which facilitates the oil to reach theshaft (6) & bearings (10) in minimum time thereby preventing “dry-run”conditions of the shaft. The same remains valid under conditions whenthe operator accelerates the engine/vehicle immediately after starting.When the engine is shutdown, the lubricant supply to the turbochargershaft stops, the oil outlet pipe (17) due to its geometry retainssufficient quantity of lubricant in the bearing housing (4) whichadequately lubricates the shaft and the bearings.

In conventional turbochargers as described in prior art, have oil inletpipe connected to the oil inlet at the top of the turbocharger and theoil outlet pipe goes vertically downwards to the oil sump. In contrast,the lubrication system of the present invention has NRV in the oil inletpipe and the oil outlet pipe is so constructed with bend and inflectionto retain sufficient quantity of lubricant even after the engineshutdown, which does not happen in conventional systems.

The connecting means of the compressor housing, bearing housing, and theturbine housing is selected from bolts, clamps and their like.

In a preferred embodiment the inflection point of the oil outlet pipe isat the level of the shaft center.

In yet another embodiment, the inflection point of the oil outlet pipemay be just below or above the shaft center.

1. A lubrication system for turbocharger(s) to ensure continuous lubrication of bearings and shaft of the turbocharger with lubricant retention during start and shut down of turbocharger-associated systems comprising a turbine housing, a compressor housing, and a bearing housing disposed between the turbine and compressor housings, with the turbine housing and compressor housings held on either side by a connecting means, a turbine wheel mounted on a shaft in a turbine housing wherein the shaft extends through the bearing housing (4) into the compressor housing, a compressor wheel in the compressor housing mounted at the distal end of the shaft and is supported in the bearing housing, a pair of floating journal bearings on either end of the bearing housing to support the rotating shaft, seals at the both ends of bearing housing near the floating journal bearings to prevent the entry of the exhaust gas and compressed air into the bearing housing and to further absorb any axial thrust load, which comes on the rotating shaft, a non return valve [NRV] or one way valve in an oil inlet pipe line with opening and/or closing pressure less than oil pressure during idle running of an engine, an oil outlet line so constructed to retain sufficient quantity of lubricating oil thereby allowing adequate lubrication of the shaft and bearings after engine/vehicle shutdown wherein an oil outlet pipe having one end thereof connected to a turbocharger oil outlet and extends downwardly therefrom and forms a first inflection point (A), and from said first inflection point (A) the oil outlet pipe inflects upwardly and forms a second inflection point (B) which is positioned at a level around the center of the shaft, and extends downwardly with another end going to oil sump, thereby to retain a sufficient amount of oil at turbocharger shaft and bearing portion by maintaining oil between the turbocharger oil outlet and second inflection point (B) in the oil outlet line even after an engine lubrication oil pump is shut off to ensure adequate lubrication at the earliest moment when the engine starts again.
 2. A lubrication system for turbocharger(s) as claimed in claim 1 wherein, the connecting means of the compressor housing, bearing housing, and the turbine housing is selected from bolts, clamps and their like.
 3. A lubrication system for turbocharger(s) as claimed in claim 1 wherein, the second inflection point of the oil outlet pipe is at the level of the shaft center.
 4. A lubrication system for turbocharger(s) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the second inflection-point of the oil outlet pipe is just below or above the shaft center.
 5. A lubrication system for turbocharger(s) as claimed in claim 1, wherein a second arm of the oil outlet pipe going upwards may be at an angle up to about 45° with respect to a first vertical arm of the oil outlet pipe that goes downwards from the turbocharger.
 6. A lubrication system for turbocharger(s) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the shaft and bearings, are lubricated by introducing pressurized lubricating oil through an oil inlet passage in the bearing housing and after lubricating, the lubricant returns to the engine oil sump located below the turbocharger through the oil outlet passage.
 7. A lubrication system for turbocharger(s) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the non return valve [NRV] or one way valve in the oil inlet pipe line permits a lubricant flow to the bearings during running of the engine, and when the engine stops and oil pressure falls below the NRV opening pressure, the NRV shuts and traps the lubricants in oil inlet pipe that is above the NRV.
 8. A lubrication system for turbocharger(s) as claimed in claim 1, wherein during engine starting after a shut down, lubricating oil is available in sufficient quantity in the oil inlet pipe above the NRV, which facilitates the oil to reach the shaft and bearings in minimum time thereby preventing “dry-run” conditions of the shaft.
 9. A lubrication system for turbocharger(s) as claimed in claim 1, wherein under conditions when the operator accelerates the engine/vehicle immediately after starting, lubricating oil is available in sufficient quantity in the oil inlet pipe above the NRV, which facilitates the oil to reach the shaft and bearings in minimum time thereby preventing “dry-run” conditions of the shaft.
 10. A lubrication system for turbocharger(s) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the engine when shutdown, the lubricant supply to the turbocharger shaft stops, and the oil outlet pipe due to its geometry retains sufficient quantity of lubricant in the bearing housing which adequately lubricates the shaft and the bearings. 